Dramatically stiffer elastic composite materials due to a negative stiffness phase

By R. Lakes, W. Drugan. 2002

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Exploiting Microstructural Instabilities in Solids and Structures: From Metamaterials to Structural Transitions (2017, background): “, coated cylinders and spheres) showed that negative stiffness in the inclusion may indeed lead to extreme overall increases in the overall bulk modulus in case of linear and nonlinear elastic composites [133].”
Mechanics of Metamaterials with Negative Parameters (2020, background): “It was also shown that extreme stiffness occurs in composites with negative stiffness phase (Lakes and Drugan 2002) and in systems with negative stiffness elements (Wang and Lakes 2004a).”
Mechanical metamaterials associated with stiffness, rigidity and compressibility: a brief review (2017, background): “This snap through phenomenon is mainly due to surface energy effects in a composite that achieve large mechanical damping and anomalies in the modulus [36,305].”