Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship

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Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract (2016, result): “Although these two studies differ in terms of the changes they identified, a common finding was a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in opportunistic pathogens [78, 81].”
Current understanding of dysbiosis in disease in human and animal models (2016, background): “SCFAs are believed to inhibit the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, so a decreased level is thought to contribute to obesity.(18) Along with altered SCFA production, the altered obese microbiota has been hypothesized to affect the immune system balance of the host, which could lead to increased”
Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2016, background): “Preliminary results have pointed out potential sexspecific gut signatures related to obesity and diabetes with more unfavorable proinflammatory gut microbiota components in males (240).”
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020, background): “The gut microbiota The human gut microbiota comprises approximately 10(14) microbes [575], which is 10 times greater than the number of non-microbial cells that make up the human body [576].”