Detailed and Averaged Models for a 401-Level MMC–HVDC System

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High-power wind energy conversion systems: State-of-the-art and emerging technologies (2015, neutral): “[221] J.”
Analysis of Active Power Control for VSC–HVDC (2014, methodology): “The CBC method proposed in [20] has formed the basis of many capacitor balancing controllers for VSC–HVDC MMCs [18], [21]–[23].”
Dynamic Averaged and Simplified Models for MMC-Based HVDC Transmission Systems (2013, methodology): “This model type [22] offers several advantages due to its increased accuracy in the modeling of IGBTs.”
Capacitor Voltage Balancing of a Five-Level ANPC Converter Using Phase-Shifted PWM (2015, background): “The most successful commercial application of MMC is in high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmissions [15]–[17].”
HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook (2019, background): “The number of modular levels was set to 401 [190, 191].”
Operation, Control, and Applications of the Modular Multilevel Converter: A Review (2015, background): “control of the MMC primarily assume balanced system conditions [1]–[7], [9], [10], [12].”
Modular Multilevel Converter Models for Electromagnetic Transients (2014, methodology): “The model presented in [10] uses an ideal controlled switch, two nonlinear (series and anti-parallel) diodes, and two snubber circuits.”