The Elastic Viscous Plastic Sea Ice Dynamics Model in General Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates on a Sphere—Incorporation of Metric Terms

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The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution (2019, methodology): “Velocities are determined by solving the sea ice momentum equation (Hibler, 1979; Hunke & Dukowicz, 1997) on cell vertices in an identical manner to the CICE model (Hunke et al., 2015) except for the internal stress term.”
Design and implementation of the infrastructure of HadGEM3: the next-generation Met Office climate modelling system (2010, methodology): “The internal ice stress is calculated using the elastic viscous plastic (EVP) scheme (Hunke and Dukowicz, 2002), which assumes the ice has a viscous plastic rheology, and incorporates an elastic wave modification to improve the computational efficiency.”
Global Mean Climate and Main Patterns of Variability in the CMCC‐CM2 Coupled Model (2018, background): “…snowfall (Bitz & Lipscomb, 1999), the ice dynamics to predicts the velocity field of the ice pack based on elastic-viscous-plastic properties (Hunke & Dukowicz, 2002), the transport for the advection of the areal concentration, ice volume and other state variables, and a subgrid-scale…”