Biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in farmer-managed intercrops of maize–pigeonpea in semi-arid southern and eastern Africa

By J. Adu-Gyamfi, F. A. Myaka, W. D. Sakala, R. Odgaard, J. M. Vesterager, H. Høgh-Jensen. Plant and Soil, 2007

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Comparative analysis of maize–soybean strip intercropping systems: a review (2018, background): “Moreover, in the absence of nitrogen fertilizers, reduced N input decreases the demand for nitrogenous fertilizers in cereal and legume intercropping systems (Adu-Gyamfi et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2017).”
Effect of Intercropping and Crop Arrangement on Yield and Productivity of Late Season Maize/soybean Mixtures in the Humid Environment of South Southern Nigeria (2012, background): “Cereal-legume mixtures have been adjudged the most productive form of intercropping since the cereals may benefit from the nitrogen fixed in the root nodules of the legumes in the current year (Clark and Myers, 1994; Chalk, 1996, Adu-Gyamfi et al., 2007) or in the subsequent years (Mulongoy et al., ”
Intercropping alleviates the inhibitory effect of N fertilization on nodulation and symbiotic N2 fixation of faba bean (2009, background): “(Adu-Gyamfi et al. 1997, 2007).”
Meta-analysis of maize yield response to woody and herbaceous legumes in sub-Saharan Africa (2008, background): “For example, the fertilizer value of total N was estimated to exceed 50 and 69 kg N ha−1 that can replace the current need for mineral N at Tanga in Tanzania and Jimma in Ethiopia, respectively (Bogale et al. 2001).”