Prediction of turbulent forced convection of a nanofluid in a tube with uniform heat flux using a two phase approach

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Numerical study of laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube using two-phase mixture model (2008, positive): “[22], studied the turbulent forced convection of a nanofluid in a circular tube by using a two-phase approach.”
Two phase mixed convection Al2O3–water nanofluid flow in an annulus (2011, methodology): “The mixture model implementations and its good prediction in nanofluids problems has been proved by several works such as (Lotfi et al., 2010; Bianco et al., 2009; Akbarinia and Laur, 2009; Mirmasoumi and Behzadmehr, 2008a, 2008b; Behzadmehr et al., 2007).”
Numerical investigation of nanofluids forced convection in circular tubes (2009, methodology): “A two phase mixture model was applied to study the turbulent forced convection flow of a nanofluid in a uniformly heated tube [42] and more recently Namburu et al.”
Numerical study of mixed convection in an inclined two sided lid driven cavity filled with nanofluid using two-phase mixture model (2011, background): “This means that the slip velocity between the fluid and particles may not be zero [23]; therefore it seems that the two-phase approach is better model to apply the nanofluid [24,25].”
An experimental study of a confined and submerged impinging jet heat transfer using Al2O3-water nanofluid (2009, neutral): “[31]).”