Femoroacetabular impingement and the cam-effect. A MRI-based quantitative anatomical study of the femoral head-neck offset.

By K Ito, Ma Minka-II, M. Leunig, S. Werlen, Reinhold Ganz. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume, 2001

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Anterior Femoroacetabular Impingement: Part II. Midterm Results of Surgical Treatment (2004, background): “Femoroacetabular impingement is a distinct pathologic entity that results from an abnormal morphologic relationship between the proximal femur and the acetabulum.(8,13,26) A decreased offset at the anterolateral head-neck junction leads to a reduction in joint clearance potentiating abnormal repetit”
The contour of the femoral head-neck junction as a predictor for the risk of anterior impingement. (2002, methodology): “A recent study found evidence of reduced femoral neck anteversion and head-neck offset on standard MR scans of hips in patients with symptomatic impingement.(11) Since there is no standardised, simple test for such abnormalities, we have developed a method for measurement of the head-neck relationsh”
Anterior Femoro-Acetabular Impingement Due to Acetabular Retroversion: Treatment with Periacetabular Osteotomy (2003, neutral): “External rotation 33 (20-70) 35 (20-70) 2 NS”