Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking

By D. Hofstadter, E. Sander. 2013

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A Roadmap Towards Machine Intelligence (2015, background): “ould rst be grounded in concrete tasks, to be later extended to more abstract scenarios by analogical means (e.g., from nding a route in a maze to nding the right 6 information in a paper collection; Hofstadter and Sander, 2013; Lako and Johnson, 1999). 3.1 High-level description of the ecosystem Ag”
Moving Forward: Developing Theoretical Contributions in Management Studies (2014, background): “This distinct but complementary focus, some have argued, may ultimately provide a broader grounding for deduction, induction, and abduction (Hesse, 1966; Hofstadter and Sander, 2013; Nersessian, 2008; Thagard, 2012).”
Commonsense reasoning and commonsense knowledge in artificial intelligence (2015, methodology): “Likewise reasoning by analogy (Hofstadter & Sander, 2013) (Gentner & Forbus, 2011) and case-based reasoning (Kolodner, 1993) have been much more extensively studied in informal frameworks than in mathematically grounded frameworks.”