Culture in Bonobos? Between‐Species and Within‐Species Variation in Behavior1

By G. Hohmann, B. Fruth. Current Anthropology, 2003

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A comparison of bonobo and chimpanzee tool use: evidence for a female bias in the Pan lineage (2010, unknown): “First, bonobos may have lost tool use in the wild, not because they are cognitively incapable but because all relevant food sources can be acquired without the help of artefacts (McGrew et al. 1997: hypothesis 8; Hohmann & Fruth 2003).”
The self-domestication hypothesis: evolution of bonobo psychology is due to selection against aggression (2012, background): “…at relatively low intensity; unlike chimpanzees, bonobos do not express dominance through formal signals and have very low-intensity displays relative to those of chimpanzees (Kano 1992; Parish 1996; Furuichi 1997; Vervaecke et al. 1999, 2000a, b; Hohmann & Fruth 2003a, b; Paoli et al. 2006).”