The Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Health and Disease
By Sparrow, D. Hicks, Hamel Cp. Current molecular medicine, 2010
602 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) constitute a simple layer of cuboidal cells that are strategically situated behind the photoreceptor (PR) cells. The inconspicuousness of this monolayer contrasts sharply with its importance [1]. The relationship between the RPE and PR cells is crucial to sight; this is evident from basic and clinical studies demonstrating that primary dysfunctioning of the RPE can result in visual cell death and blindness. RPE cells carry out many functions including the conversion and storage of retinoid, the phagocytosis of shed PR outer segment membrane, the absorption of scattered light, ion and fluid transport and RPE-PR apposition. The magnitude of the demands imposed on this single layer of cells in order to execute these tasks, will become apparent to the reader of this review as will the number of clinical disorders that take origin from these cells.
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Citations in the corpus
- Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration (2016, background): “autophagic degradation of spent tips of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) in a process called heterophagy [22, 25].”
- Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's macular dystrophy: follow-up of two open-label phase 1/2 studies. (2015, unknown): “6,7 In preclinical models, transplantation of hESC-retinal pigment epithelium resulted in extensive photoreceptor rescue and improvement in visual function.”