Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.

By R. Groszmann, G. Garcia‐Tsao, J. Bosch, N. Grace, Andrew K. Burroughs, R. Planas, À. Escorsell, J. García‐Pagán, D. Patch, D. Matloff and 2 more. New England Journal of Medicine, 2005

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Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases (2017, background): “In patients with CC, varices develop at a rate of 7%-8% per year,((10)) and progression from small to large varices occurs at a rate of 10%-12% per year, with decompensated cirrhosis being an independent predictor of progression.”
The clinical use of HVPG measurements in chronic liver disease (2009, background): “An HVPG value of 6–9 mmHg corresponds to preclinical sinusoidal portal hypertension”
UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients (2000, background): “27 There is no linear relationship between the severity of portal hypertension and the risk of variceal haemorrhage, although HVPG >12 mm Hg is an accepted threshold for variceal bleeding.”
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (2018, background): “develop at a rate of 7–8%/year [165, 166], which could be higher in patients decompensated due to worsening of portal hypertension and liver dysfunction.”