First- and Second-Order Closure Models for Wind in a Plant Canopy.

By J. Pinard, John D. Wilson. 2001

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Modification of Two-Equation Models to Account for Plant Drag (2006, background): “Here the interaction and joint effects of heterogeneities are more interesting than a highly detailed description of the turbulence field, and is the reason why researchers working with higherorder closure models (second and third order) (Wilson 1988; Katul and Albertson 1998) note that, for many pr”
ONE- and TWO-Equation Models for Canopy Turbulence (2004, background): “On the other hand, first-order closure models may well reproduce mean velocity (Wilson et al., 1998; Pinard and Wilson, 2001) but cannot provide second-order statistics, the latter being needed in almost all problems relevant to scalar transport.”
Momentum Transfer and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Budgets within a Dense Model Canopy (2004, background): “, 1999) but the reported successes have been mixed (Katul and Albertson, 1998; Katul and Chang, 1999; Pinard and Wilson, 2001).”
Momentum Transfer within Canopies (2008, background): “The problem of treating the drag coefficient as an adjustable constant throughout the canopy layer has been recognized by several investigators (Ayotte et al. 1999; Brunet et al. 1994; Novak et al. 2000; Pinard and Wilson 2001; Poggi et al. 2004X).”