FROM BINARIES TO MULTIPLES. II. HIERARCHICAL MULTIPLICITY OF F AND G DWARFS

By A. Tokovinin. 2014

234 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Statistics of hierarchical multiplicity among solar-type dwarfs are studied using the distance-limited sample of 4847 targets presented in the accompanying Paper I. Known facts about binaries (multiplicity fraction 0.46, lognormal period distribution with median period 100 yr and logarithmic dispersion 2.4, and nearly uniform mass-ratio distribution independent of the period) are confirmed with a high statistical significance. The fraction of hierarchies with three or more components is 0.13 ± 0.01, and the fractions of targets with n = 1, 2, 3, … components are 54:33:8:4:1. Subsystems in the secondary components are almost as frequent as in the primary components, but in half of such cases both inner pairs are present. The high frequency of those 2+2 hierarchies (4%) suggests that both inner pairs were formed by a common process. The statistics of hierarchies can be reproduced by simulations, assuming that the field is a mixture coming from binary-rich and binary-poor environments. Periods of the outer and inner binaries are selected recursively from the same lognormal distribution, subject to the stability constraint and accounting for the correlation between inner subsystems. The simulator can be used to evaluate the frequency of multiple systems with specified parameters. However, it does not reproduce the observed excess of inner periods shorter than 10 days, caused by tidal evolution.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d21a597567ec69cbd5f54b05ccee669ba4212b73

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

Citations in the corpus

The Close Binary Fraction of Solar-type Stars Is Strongly Anticorrelated with Metallicity (2018, methodology): “Second, the intrinsic close binary fraction of F dwarfs is ≈10%–20% larger than that of G/early-K dwarfs (Raghavan et al. 2010; Tokovinin 2014; Moe & Di Stefano 2017).”
DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF Kepler-452b: A 1.6 R⨁ SUPER EARTH EXOPLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE OF A G2 STAR (2015, methodology): “…stars in the various false positive configurations were drawn from model isochrones from the Dartmouth series (Dotter et al. 2008), and rely also on the known distributions of binary properties such as the orbital periods, mass ratios, and eccentricities (Raghavan et al. 2010; Tokovinin 2014).”
Mind Your Ps and Qs: The Interrelation between Period (P) and Mass-ratio (Q) Distributions of Binary Stars (2016, unknown): “8 in Tokovinin 2014).”
Multiplicity among Solar-type Stars (2017, methodology): “Otherwise, our analysis proceeds in essentially the same manner as described above for HD 1273, except that we can directly refer to the visual magnitudes VA=6.48 and VB=9.87 from Tokovinin (2014a) based on speckle interferometric measurements.”
The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications (2016, background): “…astrophysical settings covering a large range of mass and physical scales, such as triple stars (e.g., Tokovinin 1997; Eggleton et al. 2007; Tokovinin 2014b,a), and accreting compact binaries with a companion (such as companions to X-ray binaries e.g., Grindlay et al. 1988; Prodan and…”
RADIAL VELOCITIES OF SOUTHERN VISUAL MULTIPLE STARS (2014, background): “The fraction of hierarchies among the best-studied nearby solartype stars is 13% (Raghavan et al. 2010; Tokovinin 2014).”
Timescales of Kozai-Lidov oscillations at quadrupole and octupole order in the test particle limit (2015, background): “Triple systems are common in the Galaxy, comprising ∼10% of systems in which the primary is ∼1 M⊙ (Duquennoy & Mayor 1991; Raghavan et al. 2010; Tokovinin 2014; Riddle et al. 2015).”
A comprehensive study of the Kepler triples via eclipse timing (2015, background): “All the other tertiaries with periods less than one year had been discovered spectroscopically in accord with the fact that spectroscopic detection is much more effective for short period outer orbits (see, e.g. Mayer 1990; Tokovinin 2014a).”
Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER - II. 92 main sequence stars from the Exozodi survey (2014, background): “A lot of papers were published regarding the multiplicity of solar-type stars (F-G stars), including e.g. censuses of binaries within 25 pc (Raghavan et al. 2010) and within 67 pc (Tokovinin 2014a,b).”
Unresolved stellar companions with Gaia DR2 astrometry (2020, result): “Nonetheless, our estimate is in good agreement with previous studies (e.g. Tokovinin et al. 2006; Tokovinin 2014).”
OBSERVATIONS OF HIERARCHICAL SOLAR-TYPE MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS (2015, background): “The emerging statistics (Law et al. 2010; Tokovinin 2014b) indicates that a third to a half of visual binaries harbor subsystem(s).”