Skin penetration enhancers.

By M. Lane. International journal of pharmaceutics, 2013

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Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health (2021, background): “, short chain- and long chain-alcohols, cyclic amides, esters, fatty acids, glycols, pyrrolidones, sulphoxides, surfactants and terpenes, that are used to enhance the chemical permeation of drugs and formulations through the skin barrier [87].”
Vapors Produced by Electronic Cigarettes and E-Juices with Flavorings Induce Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Response in Lung Epithelial Cells and in Mouse Lung (2015, background): “As skin penetration enhancer, propylene glycol is a mode of choice for transdermal drug delivery [51].”