Bombus terrestris, pollinator, invasive and pest: An assessment of problems associated with its widespread introductions for commercial purposes

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Massively Introduced Managed Species and Their Consequences for Plant–Pollinator Interactions (2017, background): “…does not produce honey, so it is used solely for pollination service in greenhouses, orchards (e.g. apples, pears, raspberry and avocado) or other highly valuable crops (e.g. peppers) to replace or supplement honeybee populations (Dafni et al., 2010; Goulson, 2003; Goulson and Hughes, 2015).”
Pollinator Diversity: Distribution, Ecological Function, and Conservation (2017, background): “terrestris, which is now widely considered to be an invasive alien in regions where it is non-native (Dafni et al. 2010) and has been implicated in the regional loss of native Bombus species (Morales et al.”
Extremely frequent bee visits increase pollen deposition but reduce drupelet set in raspberry (2014, background): “Although the introduction of commercial pollinators beyond their native ranges for crop pollination may have increased the production of some crops (see Velthuis & van Doorn 2006 and references therein; Southwick & Southwick 1992), these introductions have resulted in some recent major invasion even”