Bioreduction of chloroaurate ions by geranium leaves and its endophytic fungus yields gold nanoparticles of different shapes

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Biorecovery of gold using cyanobacteria and an eukaryotic alga with special reference to nanogold formation – a novel phenomenon (2009, background): “As an alternative, microorganisms, especially the bacteria, fungi (Pethkar and Paknikar 1998; Fortin and Beveridge 2000; Mukherjee et al. 2001a, 2002; Niar and Pradeep 2002; Ahmed et al. 2003a, 2003b, 2003c; Shankar et al. 2003; Konishi et al. 2004) and some higher plants (GardeaTorresdey 1998, 2002”
Phyllanthin-assisted biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles: a novel biological approach (2009, background): “As a result, researchers in the field of NP synthesis and assembly have turned towards the utilization of biological system such as yeast, fungi, bacteria and plant extracts for the synthesis of biocompatible metal and semiconductor NPs through control nucleation and growth of inorganic NPs ( Shiv S”
Gold Nanotriangles Biologically Synthesized using Tamarind Leaf Extract and Potential Application in Vapor Sensing (2005, methodology): “In recent studies, we have reported on the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the reduction of aqueous AuCl4 2 and Agþ ions using extracts from geranium (Shankar et al., 2003a, 2003b), neem (Shankar et al., 2004a) and lemongrass plants (Shankar et al., 2004b).”
Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: technological concepts and future applications (2008, background): “Reducing agent in this fungus were also polypeptides/enzymes ( Shankar et al. 2003a ).”