Race differences in the age at diagnosis among medicaid-eligible children with autism.

By D. Mandell, J. Listerud, S. Levy, J. Pinto-Martin. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002

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Factors Associated With Age of Diagnosis Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (2005, background): “They included the following interactions: (1) Asperger’s diagnosis with age, urbanicity, and the presence of mental retardation; (2) urbanicity with diagnostic category and making a referral; (3) conducting developmental tests and making a referral; and (4) income and number of pediatricians.”
Early Concerns of Parents of Children With Autistic and Nonautistic Disorders (2004, background): “These ages contrast sharply with the average age of diagnosis of autism, which is closer to 3(1)/2 to 4 years, if not older (Mandell et al., 2002; Stone & Rosenbaum, 1988).”
Race, Culture, and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Understanding the Role of Diversity in Successful Educational Interventions (2009, background): “Even when they do have access to health care services, it may take longer before they receive an appropriate diagnosis (Mandell et al., 2002).”
The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders. (2007, positive): “One study of children receiving mental health services through Medicaid in Philadelphia found that, compared with white children, black children received ASD diagnoses almost three years later, on average (103).”