Early-Time Photometry and Spectroscopy of the Fast Evolving SN 2006aj Associated with GRB 060218

By Maryam Modjaz, K. Z. Stanek, P. Garnavich, P. Berlind, S. Blondin, W. Brown, M. Calkins, P. Challis, A. Diamond-Stanic, H. Hao and 8 more. 2006

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We present early photometric and spectroscopic data on the afterglow of GRB 060218 and report the evolution of the underlying supernova SN 2006aj. Our data span a time range of 4-23 days after the GRB and clearly establish that SN 2006aj is a fast-evolving broad-lined Type Ic SN with an extremely short rise time (~10 days) and a large optical peak luminosity (MV = -18.7 mag). The supernova properties are deduced well since the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow does not contribute a significant amount to the total light output. The spectra show broad lines indicative of large expansion velocities but are better matched by those of SN 2002ap and SN 1997ef (not associated with a GRB) than those of the prototypical GRB-related SN 1998bw. We refine the redshift estimate to z = 0.03351 ± 0.00007. The host galaxy is a low-metallicity dwarf galaxy (with MV, host = -16.0 mag), similar to host galaxies of other GRB-associated SNe.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation

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THE SPECTROSCOPIC DIVERSITY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE (2000, background): “…relaxed this requirement to follow up peculiar objects) (2) bright Type Ib/c supernovae, to study both individual objects (e.g., SN 2006aj, Modjaz et al. 2006; SN 2008D, Modjaz et al. 2009) and the connection of broad-line SN Ic with gamma-ray bursts (e.g., Modjaz et al. 2008), and (3)…”
THE EARLY UV/OPTICAL EMISSION FROM CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2010, background): “…optical SN emission revealed that both were of type Ib/c, probably produced by compact Wolf-Rayet (hereafter WR) progenitor stars, which lost most of their Hydrogen envelope (Pian et al. 2006; Mazzali et al. 2006; Modjaz et al. 2006; Maeda et al. 2007; Mazzali et al. 2008; Malesani et al. 2009).”
On the Rates of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Type Ib/c Supernovae (2006, background): “The best examples of this are the SN-GRB associations so far discovered in the local universe, SN 2006aj with GRB 060218 (Pian et al. 2006; Campana et al. 2006; Modjaz et al. 2006) and SN 1998bw with GRB 980425 (Galama et al. 1998).”
A new method for estimating the bolometric properties of Ibc supernovae (2013, unknown): “…(18) Stanek et al. (2005), (19) Della Valle et al. (2006), (20) Blustin et al. (2006), (21) Sollerman et al. (2007), (22) Sollerman et al. (2006), (23) Modjaz et al. (2006), (24) Cano et al. (2011a), (25) Tanvir et al. (2010), (26) Cobb et al. (2010), (27) Berger et al. (2011), (28) Cano et…”
OPTICAL SPECTRA OF 73 STRIPPED-ENVELOPE CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2014, methodology): “SN 2006aj/GRB 060218 was a well-observed SN Ic-bl/GRB (Campana et al. 2006; Modjaz et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006; Sollerman et al. 2006; Mirabal et al. 2006; Cobb et al. 2006; Kocevski et al. 2007; Mazzali et al. 2007; Taubenberger et al. 2009).”
THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. I. SURVEY DESIGN AND CATALOGS (2012, unknown): “…(20) Jakobsson et al. 2006a; (21) Piranomonte et al. 2008; (22) Soderberg et al. 2005; (23) Mirabal et al. 2006; (24) Sollerman et al. 2006; (25) Modjaz et al. 2006; (26) Pian et al. 2006; (27) Wiersema et al. 2007; (28) Chary et al. 2007; (29) Berger & Gladders 2006; (30) Thöne et al. 2010;…”
AFTERGLOW OBSERVATIONS OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THE EMERGING CLASS OF HYPER-ENERGETIC EVENTS (2010, background): “…al. 2004; Malesani et al. 2004; Gal-Yam et al. 2004), and (post-Swift) GRB060218 (Mirabal et al. 2006; Campana et al. 2006; Soderberg et al. 2006; Modjaz et al. 2006; Sollerman et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006; Ferrero et al. 2006; Maeda et al. 2007), all of which appear to be isotropic explosions…”
FROM SHOCK BREAKOUT TO PEAK AND BEYOND: EXTENSIVE PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE Ib SUPERNOVA 2008D ASSOCIATED WITH SWIFT X-RAY TRANSIENT 080109 (2008, methodology): “This is in stark contrast to all SNe associated with GRBs that have been exclusively broad-lined SN 10 Ic (e.g., Galama et al. 1998; Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003; Malesani et al. 2004; Modjaz et al. 2006; Mirabal et al. 2006; Campana et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006).”
Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era (2007, unknown): “…at z = 0.168 (Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003), GRB 031203/SN 2003lw at z = 0.105 (Malesani et al. 2004), GRB 060218/SN 2006aj atz = 0.0331 (Modjaz et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006; Sollerman et al. 2006; Mirabal et al. 2006; Cobb et al. 2006), and GRB 05052 A/SN 2005nc atz = 0.606 (Della…”
Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. II. The Observed Luminosity Functions and Fractions of Supernovae in a Complete Sample (2010, methodology): “…suggest that they are rare (∼< 2% of the total CC SNe using Poisson statistics).5 Of the subclass of SNe Ibc-pec, the broad-lined SNe Ic deserve special attention because of their link to gammaray bursts (GRBs; e.g., Galama et al. 1998; Matheson et al. 2003; Modjaz et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006).”
CONNECTING THE GAMMA RAY BURST RATE AND THE COSMIC STAR FORMATION HISTORY: IMPLICATIONS FOR REIONIZATION AND GALAXY EVOLUTION (2011, background): “…GRBs are often observed to be metal poor and have low luminosities, both in the nearby universe (e.g., Prochaska et al. 2004; Sollerman et al. 2005; Modjaz et al. 2006; Stanek et al. 2006; Wiersema et al. 2007) and at cosmological distances (e.g., Fruchter et al. 1999, 2006; Le Floc’h et al. 2003;…”
Mass fall-back and accretion in the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (2008, background): “So, how do we explain the supernova-like optical light curves that have been seen in a few GRBs (e.g. Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003; Modjaz et al. 2006)?”
Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Unique Population: Luminosity Function, Local Rate, and Beaming Factor (2006, unknown): “…GRB 980425/SN 1998bw (Galama et al. 1998; Kulkarni et al. 1998), GRB 030329/SN 2003dh (Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003), GRB031203/SN 2003lw (Malesani et al. 2004), and GRB 060218/SN 2006aj (Modjaz et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006; Sollerman et al. 2006; Mirabal et al. 2006; Cobb et al. 2006).”
The physics of gamma-ray bursts & relativistic jets (2014, unknown): “…significantly lower than typical GRBs 3 , e.g. GRB 980425 (Galama et al., 1998), 030329 (Hjorth et al., 2003; Stanek et al., 2003), 060218 (Modjaz et al., 2006; Campana et al., 2006; Pian et al., 2006), 100316D (Chornock et al., 2010; Starling et al., 2011), 101219B (Sparre et al., 2011),…”
Long γ-Ray Bursts and Type Ic Core-Collapse Supernovae Have Similar Locations in Hosts (2007, background): “…subtracting a power-law continuum from the LGRB spectrum (Matheson et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003), and a SN Ic spectrum was clear in the follow-up spectra to the XRF counterpart to SN 2006aj (Modjaz et al. 2006; Mirabal et al. 2006; Sollerman et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006).”
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT CURVES OF SUPERNOVAE WITH THE SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE (2009, background): “The optical curves are consistent with an SN Ic of intermediate luminosity between normal SNe Ic and previous GRB-associated, overluminous SNe Ic (see Pian et al. 2006 and Modjaz et al. 2006).”