Spatter and oxide formation in laser powder bed fusion of Inconel 718
By A. Gasper, B. Szost, X. Wang, D. Johns, S. Sharma, A. Clare, Ian Ashcroft. Additive Manufacturing, 2018
140 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract In laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB), material is continuously ejected from the melt pool, commonly called spatter, and is distributed throughout the build chamber. There is a lack of understanding of the nature of this spatter and the effect it may have on the integrity of the final part and the quality of any recycled powder. This work reports a detailed investigation of spatter metallurgy for Inconel 718. It is seen that the spatter created during processing produces powder that is significantly different to the virgin material, with particles up to 6 times larger. Oxidation, predominantly in the form of spots or films of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 was observed on the surface of some of the spatter particles. It is established that this oxide formation occurs at the melt pool surface before ejection of the spatter from the melt pool, and also that this issue is generic to PBF-LB process and certain alloys. The characteristics of different types of spatter are identified and are linked to spatter generation mechanisms. The vaporisation of material during processing produces clusters of nano particles whose composition indicate a preferential vaporisation of Cr from the bulk. The results of this study highlight that oxidation and issues presented by spatter particles dissimilar from the virgin material are unavoidable and greater consideration is needed for the generation and effect of spatter on part and powder quality.
Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd44c005522fb58b7ca079b1b6adc5e8338abb6b
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Citations in the corpus
- Knowledge of process-structure-property relationships to engineer better heat treatments for laser powder bed fusion additive manufactured Inconel 718 (2019, background): “6(h-i) confirm the presence of oxides, which have been reported in laser-based AM processes of various alloys including IN718 due to O entrapment [46,66].”