Cosmological reionization around the first stars: Monte Carlo radiative transfer

By Benedetta Ciardi, A. Ferrara, S. Marri, G. Raimondo. 2000

134 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We study the evolution of ionization fronts around the first protogalaxies by using high-resolution numerical cosmological (Λ+ cold dark matter, CDM, model) simulations and Monte Carlo radiative transfer methods. We present the numerical scheme in detail and show the results of test runs from which we conclude that the scheme is both fast and accurate. As an example of interesting cosmological application, we study the reionization produced by a stellar source of total mass M=2×108 M⊙ turning on at z≈12, located at a node of the cosmic web. The study includes a spectral energy distribution of a zero-metallicity stellar population, and two initial mass functions (IMFs; Salpeter/Larson). The expansion of the ionization front (I-front) is followed as it breaks out from the galaxy and is channelled by the filaments into the voids, assuming (in a 2D representation) a characteristic butterfly shape. The ionization evolution is very well tracked by our scheme, as realized by the correct treatment of the channelling and shadowing effects resulting from overdensities. We confirm previous claims that both the shape of the IMF and the ionizing power metallicity dependence are important to correctly determine the reionization of the Universe.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd13053293949bd6f6b5156ff51d23fa48d06254

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Citations in the corpus

Constraining the Evolution of the Ionizing Background and the Epoch of Reionization with z ∼ 6 Quasars. II. A Sample of 19 Quasars (2005, background): “Cosmological models predict reionization at redshifts between 6 and 20 (e.g., Gnedin & Ostriker 1997, Gnedin 2000, 2004, Ciardi et al. 2001, Benson et al. 2001, Razoumov et al. 2002, Cen 2003a,b, Ciardi, Ferrara & White 2003, Haiman & Holder 2003, Wyithe & Loeb 2003a, Somerville et al. 2003,…”
The First Cosmic Structures and Their Effects (2004, methodology): “…of radiative transfer codes based on a variety of approaches and approximations (e.g. Umemura, Nakamoto & Susa 1999; Razoumov & Scott 1999; Abel, Norman & Madau 1999; Gnedin 2000a; Ciardi et al. 2001; Gnedin & Abel 2001; Sokasian, Abel & Hernquist 2001; Cen 2002; Maselli, Ferrara & Ciardi 2003).”
Photoevaporation of cosmological minihaloes during reionization (2003, background): “…back-reaction of the radiative transfer calculation on the density field or any aspect of the gas dynamics (Abel, Norman & Madau 1999; Razoumov & Scott 1999; Ciardi et al. 2001; Nakamoto, Umemura & Susa 2001; Sokasian, Abel & Hernquist 2001; Cen 2002; Ciardi, Stoehr & White; Hayes & Norman 2003).”
Cosmological radiative transfer codes comparison project – I. The static density field tests (2006, unknown): “The detailed description of the CRASH implementation is given in Ciardi et al. (2001) and Maselli, Ferrara & Ciardi (2003), and an improved algorithm for dealing with a background diffuse ionizing radiation is described in Maselli & Ferrara (2005).”
Probing beyond the Epoch of Hydrogen Reionization with 21 Centimeter Radiation (2003, background): “…of galaxy formation (to track gas cooling, star formation, and feedback from supernovae, Kauffmann et al. 1999; Springel et al. 2001) and the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code CRASH (to follow the propagation of ionizing photons into the IGM, Ciardi et al. 2001; Maselli, Ferrara, & Ciardi 2003).”
Multi-dimensional cosmological radiative transfer with a Variable Eddington Tensor formalism (2001, unknown): “Ciardi et al. (2001) discussed a Monte Carlo approach to sample angles, energies and the time evolution of the radiative transfer problem.”
The contribution of the first stars to the cosmic infrared background (2001, background): “The cosmological impact of Pop III stellar radiation has been addressed before (e.g., Carr, Bond & Arnett 1984; Bond et al. 1986; Couchman & Rees 1986; Haiman & Loeb 1997; Ciardi et al. 2001).”
ramses-rt: radiation hydrodynamics in the cosmological context (2013, background): “Examples include Ciardi et al. (2001), Maselli, Ferrara & Ciardi (2003), Altay et al. (2008), Baek et al. (2009) and Cantalupo & Porciani (2011).”
Early reionization by the first galaxies (2003, background): “Several effects might have produced rapid early evolution: a contribution from C© 2003 RAS Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/344/1/L7/1012281 by guest on 27 July 2018 low-mass pregalactic systems (in the jargon, Population III objects); unexpectedly high star formation ”
Observational Constraints on Cosmic Reionization (2006, methodology): “…& Madau 2003Ciardi, B., Madau, P. 2003, ApJ, 596, 1-8 Ciardi et al. 2003Ciardi, B., Stoehr, F., White, S. 2004, MNRAS, 343, 1101-1109 Ciardi et al. 2001Ciardi, B., Ferrara, A., Marri, S., & Raimondo, G. 2001, MN- RAS, 324: 381-388 Ciardi & Loeb 2000Ciardi, B., & Loeb, A. 2000, Ap.”
Galaxy formation theory (2010, methodology): “Despite these complexities, progress has been made on these issues using a variety of ingenious numerical techniques (Abel et al. 1999; Ciardi et al. 2001; Gnedin and Abel 2001; Ricott et al. 2002; Petkova and Springel 2009; Li et al. 2008; Aubert and Teyssier 2008; Collins et al. 2009; Dolag and…”
On the properties of massive Population III stars and metal-free stellar populations (2001, background): “…Ciardi et al. 2000), their role on cosmic reionisation (Haiman & Loeb 1997, Gnedin & Ostriker 1997, Tumlinson & Shull 2000, Cojazzi et al. 2000, Ciardi et al. 2001), metal enrichment of the IGM and other signatures of early chemical evolution (Ferrara et al. 2000, Abia et al. 2001), and dust…”
Predicted UV properties of very metal-poor starburst galaxies (2010, methodology): “We have computed one such case, assuming the same value ofMc as Ciardi et al. (2001) in their reionization calculations.”
Probing the cosmic reionization history and local environment of gamma‐ray bursts through radio dispersion (2003, background): “…GRB itself (e.g. Perna & Loeb 1998, Fruchter, Krolik & Rhoads 2001, Draine & Hao 2002, Perna & Lazzati 2002), or ii) photoionization (and/or mechanical heating) of the GRB surroundings by a population of massive stars preexisting in the host galaxy (e.g. Ciardi et al. 2001, Barkana & Loeb 2003).”
Adaptive ray tracing for radiative transfer around point sources (2001, methodology): “Ciardi et al. (2001) discuss a Monte Carlo approach to sample angles, energies and the time evolution of the radiative transfer problem.”
Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse (2012, background): “Detailed studies have shown that the first generation of stars (Pop III) form from metal-free gas, comprising mainly of atomic and molecular hydrogen at early times (see reviews by Bromm & Larson 2004; Ciardi et al. 2001, and references therein).”