Iron Charge Distribution as an Identifier of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

By S. Lepri, T. Zurbuchen, L. Fisk, I. G. Richardson, H. Cane, G. Gloeckler. 2001

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

Citations in the corpus

Mercury’s Weather-Beaten Surface: Understanding Mercury in the Context of Lunar and Asteroidal Space Weathering Studies (2014, background): “Ionic charge-state ratios and temperatures at 1 AU are from Ipavich et al. (1998), Lepri et al. (2001), and Zurbuchen et al. (2002); elemental abundances at 1 AU are from Bame et al. (1977), Bochsler (1998), and von Steiger et al. (2000, 2010).”
A Global Picture of CMEs in the Inner Heliosphere (2004, unknown): “In situ observations of CMEs can be used to infer the magnetic field topology of the ICMEs and the physical conditions of their birthplace near the Sun (see, e.g., Henke, 1998; Lepri et al., 2001).”
Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (2007, background): “Lepri et al. (2001) found that more than 90% of long-duration enhancements in Fe charge state in the solar wind were associated with ICMEs.”
Major geomagnetic storms (Dst<=-100~nT) generated by corotating interaction regions in 1996--2004 (2006, background): “The absence of enhanced iron charge states observed by ACE/SWICS [e.g., Lepri et al., 2001] supports this conclusion, as does the absence of abnormally low proton temperatures which can be indicative of ICME material [e.g., Richardson and Cane, 1995]; the expected temperature is overlaid on the Tp…”
The Physical Processes of CME/ICME Evolution (2017, background): “…helium abundance (He2+) has been observed in ICMEs since the early space era (Hirshberg et al. 1972; Borrini et al. 1982), and roughly 50%–70% ICMEs have enhanced iron charge states up to Fe16+ and average (Q)Fe > 12 (e.g., Bame et al. 1979; Fenimore 1980; Lepri et al. 2001; Zurbuchen et al. 2004).”
A survey of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the near-Earth solar wind during 1996-2002 (2003, background): “Thus our independent ICME list can provide a useful cross-reference for such studies [e.g., Lepri et al., 2001].”
STEREO IMPACT Investigation Goals, Measurements, and Data Products Overview (2008, unknown): “On the other hand, many ICMEs are characterized by ions of high charges states, indicating probable flare origins to some ICME material (e.g., Bame et al. 1979; Lepri et al. 2001).”
Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections at One AU During 1995 – 2004 (2006, unknown): “…Bame, and Robbins, 1972; Bame et al., 1979; Ipavich et al., 1986; Goldstein, Neugebauer, and Clay, 1998), abnormal charge state of ions (e.g., Lepri et al., 2001), energetic particle signatures (e.g., Morrison, 1956; Palmer, Allum, and Singer, 1978; Marsden et al., 1987; Richardson, Cane,…”
The solar wind composition throughout the solar cycle: A continuum of dynamic states (2002, background): “These time periods of unusually hot charge states are typically associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) [Lepri et al., 2001; Henke et al., 2001].”
The association of coronal mass ejections with their effects near the Earth (2005, background): “…(Hirshberg et al., 1970), ionization state (Bame et al., 1979; Schwenn et al., 1980; Gosling et al., 1980; Zwickl et al., 1982; Henke et al., 1998; Lepri et al., 2001), temperature depressions (Gosling et al., 1973; Montgomery et al., 1974; Richardson and Cane, 1995), cosmic ray intensity…”
Modeling a space weather event from the Sun to the Earth: CME generation and interplanetary propagation (2004, methodology): “On the left, ACE data is plotted for the period October 18–21, 1998 (adapted from Lepri et al. [2001] ) showing the same plasma quantities depicted on the right with the exception of Bz. Note that the time span for the ACE data (4 days) is twice that shown for the modeled event.”
Processes that Promote and Deplete the Exosphere of Mercury (2007, unknown): “At larger distances >30 RSun (i.e., >0.14 AU), the density and duration of ICMEs and associated MCs are measured in situ by spacecraft (Henke et al. 1998; Lepri et al. 2001).”