DNA damage response to different surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles in mammalian cells.

By M. Ahamed, Michael Karns, Michael Goodson, J. Rowe, Saber M. Hussain, John J. Schlager, Yiling Hong. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2008

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Colloidal stability of silver nanoparticles in biologically relevant conditions (2011, background): “Historical research showing colloidal silver causes argyria (Gaul and Taud 1935; Goldstein 1921) long precedes a growing collection of papers in recent years on the toxicity of AgNPs covering topics ranging from inhalation studies (Hussain and Schlager 2009 )t o species-specific models (Kim et al. 2”
A review of the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of silver and gold particulates: Particle attributes and biological mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity (2010, background): “Ahamed et al. (2008) investigated the ability of uncoated or polysaccharide-coated silver NPs (25nm) to elicit DNA damage within mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts (at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, for a duration of up to 72 hours).”
Zinc oxide nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (2012, background): “In the presence of DNA damage, p53 protein triggers cell-cycle arrest to provide time for the damage to be repaired or for selfmediated apoptosis.(11,12) The bax/bcl-2 protein ratio determines the life or death of cells in response to an apoptotic stimulus.”
A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity: Physicochemical properties and perspectives (2017, neutral): “1 and sizes from 10 to 100 nm, and they disrupt mitochondrial function [74,161].”