Environmental and Economic Aspects of Charcoal Use in Steelmaking
By T. Norgate, D. Langberg. 2009
122 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The use of charcoal as a fuel and reductant in ironmaking and steelmaking in place of fossil fuel-based carbon sources has been assessed from both an environmental and economic point of view. Life cycle assessment methodology has been used to indicate potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from charcoal substitution rates up to 100 % in the integrated, direct smelting and mini-mill routes for steelmaking. The results indicated that based on typical costs of charcoal and coal, charcoal is not competitive with coal in the steelmaking applications considered. However, the introduction of a carbon trading scheme or carbon taxes can be expected to improve the competitiveness of charcoal compared to coal. Based on a long-term price of $US90/t for metallurgical coal, a carbon tax in the order of US$30―35/t CO 2 would be required with the direct smelting and integrated routes for the overall charcoal and coal costs to be roughly equal, including a charcoal electricity co-product credit. However, if the recent increase in price of metallurgical coal is sustained for an extended period of time, the required carbon tax rate would fall to about US$18/t CO 2 .
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc4243b45d06515df15a4c366a718fec513e72fa
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Citations in the corpus
- The potential of using biomass-based reducing agents in the blast furnace: A review of thermochemical conversion technologies and assessments related to sustainability (2013, unknown): “The conversion technologies produce valuable by-products that can be utilized in several applications such as chemical industry and electricity production [4].”
- Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace (2021, background): “In addition, compared with traditional coke, biomass coke has higher reactivity, which can reduce the temperature of thermal reserve zone, thus decreasing energy consumption of blast furnace [35,36].”
- Insight into biochar properties and its cost analysis (2016, methodology): “BCs can be produced by pyrolysis [31-37] via slow pyrolysis [19, 21,38] or fast pyrolysis [39-41], gasification [42, 43], torrefaction [23], carbonization [44], flash carbonization [15,45], and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) [25].”