Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence

By J. Pramuk. 2006

236 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Despite the considerable research that has focused on the evolutionary relationships and biogeography of the genus Bufo, an evolutionary synthesis of the entire group has not yet emerged. In the present study, almost 4 kb of DNA sequence data from mitochondrial (12S, tRNAVal, and 16S) and nuclear (POMC; Rag-1) genes, and 83 characters from morphology were analysed to infer a phylogeny of South American toads. Phylogenies were reconstructed with parsimony and maximum likelihood and Bayesian model-based methods. The results of the analysis of morphological data support the hypothesis that within Bufo, some skull characters (e.g. frontoparietal width), correlated with the amount of cranial ossification, are prone to homoplasy. Unique and unreversed morphological synapomorphies are presented that can be used to diagnose recognized species groups of South American toads. The results of all phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of most species groups of South American Bufo. In most DNA-only and combined analyses, the South American (minus the B. guttatus and part of the ‘B. spinulosus’ groups), North American, Central American, and African lineages form generally well-supported clades: ((((((((South America) (North America + Central America)) Eurasia) Africa) Eurasia) South America) West Indies) South America). This result confirms and extends prior studies recovering South American Bufo as polyphyletic. The biogeographical results indicate that: (1) The origin of Bufo predates the fragmentation of Gondwana; (2) Central and North American species compose the sister group to a large, ‘derived’ clade of South American Bufo; and (3) Eurasian species form the sister group to the New World clade. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 146, 407–452.

Subfields: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Genetics, Global and Planetary Change

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc2861853b33de26c1ac1bcb35909f84be3a6aa4

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

In Genetics

In Global and Planetary Change

Citations in the corpus

Taxonomic Freedom and the Role of Official Lists of Species Names (2009, result): “Similarly, results from Pauly et al. (2004), Pramuk (2006), and Pramuk et al. (2007), indicate that (1) the New World Clade sensu Pauly et al. (2004) is very strongly supported; this clade includes all of the North American species of the list; and (2) the New World Clade is closely related to, or…”
Measuring amphibian immunocompetence: validation of the phytohemagglutinin skin‐swelling assay in the cane toad, Rhinella marina (2011, background): “1; now allocated to Rhinella marina under the nomenclatural scheme of Pramuk 2006) are large anurans native to South and Central America, but introduced to many countries worldwide in attempts to control agricultural pests (Lever 2001).”
Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae) (2007, methodology): “…resolving the evolutionary relationships of bufonid frogs (e.g. Blair, 1972; Maxson, 1984; Graybeal, 1997; Pauly et al. , 2004; Frost et al. , 2006; Pramuk, 2006), however, the limited fossil record of this group has provided few calibration points and therefore prevented most workers from…”
Historical biogeography of lowland species of toads (Bufo) across the Trans‐Mexican Neovolcanic Belt and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (2006, methodology): “Central America South America Central America 1.2% (0.1–2.2”