The Importance of Large Carnivores to Healthy Ecosystems

By B. Miller, Barbara L. Dugelby, Dave Foreman, C. Martínez Del Rio, R. Noss, Michael K. Phillips, M. Soulé, J. Terborgh, Louisa Willcox. 2001

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Large predators limit herbivore densities in northern forest ecosystems (2012, unknown): “…reduce plant damage by altering cervid behavior and limiting their densities, the maintenance of large predators across landscapes could be a crucial option for sustaining the ecological integrity of ecosystems (Estes et al. 2011; Miller et al. 2001; Soulé et al. 2003; Terborgh and Estes 2010).”
Large carnivores, moose, and humans: a changing paradigm of predator management in the 21st century. (2003, background): “…of the public and scientific community finds inherent intrinsic value in carnivores and perceives their role as necessary in ecosystem function (Miller et al. 2001); they oppose predator control that favors the more utilitarian attitude of “game production” as the objective of wildlife…”
Large predators and trophic cascades in terrestrial ecosystems of the western United States (2009, background): “Trying to better understand how top-down influences associated with large predators (Miller et al., 2001), or wild ungulates in the absence of large predators, can affect the structure and function of ecosystems represents a challenge to research ecologists and a topic of major importance to…”