Modification of the visual background increases the conspicuousness of golden-collared manakin displays

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Plumage brightness predicts male mating success in the lekking golden-collared manakin, Manacus vitellinus (2006, methodology): “All leks were found in mature secondary forests adjacent to openings (e.g., creeks), which is the typical habitat for Manacus leks (Chapman, 1935; Ridgley and Gwynne, 1989; Uy and Endler, 2004).”
Aposematic coloration, luminance contrast, and the benefits of conspicuousness (2007, methodology): “Aposematic coloration, luminance contrast, and the benefits of conspicuousness”