International comparison of resource use and its relation to economic growth: The development of total material requirement, direct material inputs and hidden flows and the structure of TMR

By S. Bringezu, H. Schütz, Sören Steger, Jan Baudisch. 2004

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Digitalization and energy consumption. Does ICT reduce energy demand? (2020, background): “economic growth and environmental aspects usually distinguishes between relative and absolute decoupling (Bringezu et al., 2004; Giljum et al., 2005; Naqvi and Zwickl, 2017; Parrique et al., 2019).”
A synthesis of carbon in international trade (2012, background): “…for regional carbon budgets (Ciais et al., 2007; Ciais et al., 2008), and more generally for biomass (Haberl et al., 2007; Krausmann et al., 2008;Erb et al., 2009; Kastner et al., 2011a, b) and fossil fuel (Bringezu et al., 2004; Davis et al., 2011; Bruckner et al., 2012) flows between regions.”
Methodology and Indicators of Economy‐wide Material Flow Accounting (2011, background): “…to energy-intensive and material-intensive raw material extraction processes that were not adequately reflected in national material flow data (e.g., Fischer-Kowalski and Amann 2001; Bringezu et al. 2004; Giljum 2004; Giljum and Eisenmenger 2004; Schütz et al. 2004; Giljum and Muradian 2007).”
The material footprint of nations (2013, background): “[These numbers do not include unused extraction of raw materials, as incorporated in the total material requirement (TMR) and total material consumption (TMC) indicators (35, 39, 41).”