Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on shell growth, shell stability, condition and cellular stress of Western Baltic Sea Mytilus edulis (L.) and Arctica islandica (L.)
By C. Hiebenthal, E. Philipp, A. Eisenhauer, M. Wahl. 2013
131 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Acidification of the World’s oceans may directly impact reproduction, performance and shell formation of marine calcifying organisms. In addition, since shell production is costly and stress in general draws on an organism’s energy budget, shell growth and stability of bivalves should indirectly be affected by environmental stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of warming and acidification leads to increased physiological stress (lipofuscin accumulation and mortality) and affects the performance [shell growth, shell breaking force, condition index (Ci)] of young Mytilus edulis and Arctica islandica from the Baltic Sea. We cultured the bivalves in a fully-crossed 2-factorial experimental setup (seawater (sw) pCO2 levels “low”, “medium” and “high” for both species, temperature levels 7.5, 10, 16, 20 and 25 °C for M. edulis and 7.5, 10 and 16 °C for A. islandica) for 13 weeks in summer. Mytilus edulis and A. islandica appeared to tolerate wide ranges of sw temperature and pCO2. Lipofuscin accumulation of M. edulis increased with temperature while the Ci decreased, but shell growth of the mussels only sharply decreased while its mortality increased between 20 and 25 °C. In A. islandica, lipofuscin accumulation increased with temperature, whereas the Ci, shell growth and shell breaking force decreased. The pCO2 treatment had only marginal effects on the measured parameters of both bivalve species. Shell growth of both bivalve species was not impaired by under-saturation of the sea water with respect to aragonite and calcite. Furthermore, independently of water temperatures shell breaking force of both species and shell growth of A. islandica remained unaffected by the applied elevated sw pCO2 for several months. Only at the highest temperature (25 °C), growth arrest of M. edulis was recorded at the high sw pCO2 treatment and the Ci of M. edulis was slightly higher at the medium sw pCO2 treatment than at the low and high sw pCO2 treatments. The only effect of elevated sw pCO2 on A. islandica was an increase in lipofuscin accumulation at the high sw pCO2 treatment compared to the medium sw pCO2 treatment. Our results show that, despite this robustness, growth of both M. edulis and A. islandica can be reduced if sw temperatures remain high for several weeks in summer. As large body size constitutes an escape from crab and sea star predation, this can make bivalves presumably more vulnerable to predation—with possible negative consequences on population growth. In M. edulis, but not in A. islandica, this effect is amplified by elevated sw pCO2. We follow that combined effects of elevated sw pCO2 and ocean warming might cause shifts in future Western Baltic Sea community structures and ecosystem services; however, only if predators or other interacting species do not suffer as strong from these stressors.
Subfields: Global and Planetary Change, Ocean Engineering, Oceanography
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9c898b36a207675ae74960391a75c3cddac365d
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Citations in the corpus
- Macroalgae may mitigate ocean acidification effects on mussel calcification by increasing pH and its fluctuations (2018, background): “Apart from the immediate effect of fluctuations, sparse available evidence suggests that strong spatial and temporal variability in near-shore coastal habitats (such as large portions of the Baltic Sea) may indeed select for populations more tolerant to extreme pH situations (Melzner et al. 2009; Jo”
- Impact of ocean acidification and warming on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) (2014, background): “Additive effects of these two stressors have been highlighted in several studies (Talmage and Gobler, 2011; Hiebenthal et al., 2013) although with large variations between species and even developmental stages (Talmage and Gobler, 2011).”
- How good are we at assessing the impact of ocean acidification in coastal systems? Limitations, omissions and strengths of commonly used experimental approaches with special emphasis on the neglected role of fluctuations (2016, background): “Thus, OA is increasingly combined with other environmental factors (e.g. Connell and Russell 2010; Connell et al. 2013; Hiebenthal et al. 2013; Duarte et al. 2014), OA effects are followed over several ontogenetic stages (e.”