A critical review on biochar-based engineered hierarchical porous carbon for capacitive charge storage

By D. V. Cuong, Babasaheb M. Matsagar, Meng-Lein Lee, M. S. Hossain, Yusuke Yamauchi, M. Vithanage, B. Sarkar, Y. Ok, K. Wu, Chia-Hung Hou. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021

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1 Hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) has attracted increasing research interest for energy 2 and environmental applications. HPC is conventionally fabricated by activated carbon, 3 which potentially causes hidden environmental burdens. To overcome this issue, 4 biochar, a promising renewable precursor, offers an attractive raw material substitute 5 and has already been explored for the preparation of low-cost HPC. Recent studies have 6 demonstrated that HPC exhibited great applications in capacitive energy storage, 7 owning to its easily tuned physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Besides, 8 biochar-based HPC with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected controllable pore 9 structure, high specific surface area (SSA), and pore volume (PV) can provide smaller 10 resistance and shorter diffusion pathways for the transport of ions. Importantly, most 11 recent research efforts have been made on the synthesis of biochar-based engineered 12 hierarchical porous carbons (EHPCs) from biomass/biochar or developed from the HPC. 13 A templating technique, heteroatom, and metal oxides doping have been applied to 14 develop the biochar-based EHPC to improve 3D pore structure or/and expose abundant 15 active sites and subsequently enhance the capacitive charge storage performance. In 16 this review, recent advances in the applications of biochar-based HPC or EHPC for 17 capacitive charge storage, e.g., capacitive deionization (CDI) and a supercapacitor (SC) 18 are summarized and discussed. This review concludes with several perspectives to 19 provide possible future research directions for the preparation and applications of 20 biochar-based EHPC for capacitive charge storage. 21

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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