Widespread State-Dependent Shifts in Cerebellar Activity in Locomoting Mice
By Ilker Ozden, D. Dombeck, T. Hoogland, David W. Tank, S. Wang. 2012
111 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Excitatory drive enters the cerebellum via mossy fibers, which activate granule cells, and climbing fibers, which activate Purkinje cell dendrites. Until now, the coordinated regulation of these pathways has gone unmonitored in spatially resolved neuronal ensembles, especially in awake animals. We imaged cerebellar activity using functional two-photon microscopy and extracellular recording in awake mice locomoting on an air-cushioned spherical treadmill. We recorded from putative granule cells, molecular layer interneurons, and Purkinje cell dendrites in zone A of lobule IV/V, representing sensation and movement from trunk and limbs. Locomotion was associated with widespread increased activity in granule cells and interneurons, consistent with an increase in mossy fiber drive. At the same time, dendrites of different Purkinje cells showed increased co-activation, reflecting increased synchrony of climbing fiber activity. In resting animals, aversive stimuli triggered increased activity in granule cells and interneurons, as well as increased Purkinje cell co-activation that was strongest for neighboring dendrites and decreased smoothly as a function of mediolateral distance. In contrast with anesthetized recordings, no 1–10 Hz oscillations in climbing fiber activity were evident. Once locomotion began, responses to external stimuli in all three cell types were strongly suppressed. Thus climbing and mossy fiber representations can shift together within a fraction of a second, reflecting in turn either movement-associated activity or external stimuli.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurology, Sensory Systems
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In Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Citations in the corpus
- Re-evaluating circuit mechanisms underlying pattern separation (2019, critical): “Using this approach (or a related approach using a synthetic calcium indicator), several recent studies have reported that granule cell population activity is far denser than had previously been believed, with more than two thirds of imaged granule cells being active concurrently in some cases (Figu”
- Climbing fibers encode a temporal-difference prediction error during cerebellar learning in mice (2015, unknown): “However, we note that climbing fiber responses to peripheral stimulation are strongly modulated by behavioral state 42 and differ greatly between resting and walking conditions 43,44 .”
- Computational Principles of Supervised Learning in the Cerebellum (2018, unknown): “…be as sparse as originally envisioned, because widespread activation of many granule cells can occur during natural behaviors and in response to sensory stimulation (Giovannucci et al. 2017, Jorntell & Ekerot 2006, Knogler et al. 2017, Ozden et al. 2012, van Beugen et al. 2013, Wagner et al. 2017).”
- Population-scale organization of cerebellar granule neuron signaling during a visuomotor behavior (2017, result): “…behavior showed that responses did not appear sparse either in space or time, which complements recent findings in zebrafish (Knogler et al., 2017) and mice(Ozden et al., 2012; Powell et al., 2015) that suggest granule cells also use a non-sparse code during more complex locomotor behaviors.”