Accurate DNA-based sex identification of apes using non-invasive samples

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Remote collection of animal DNA and its applications in conservation management and understanding the population biology of rare and cryptic species (2003, background): “Alternatively, the presence of a length polymorphism in the amelogenin gene, which has homologues on both the X and Y chromosomes, can be exploited to distinguish between the sexes, as has been demonstrated in great apes (Bradley et al. 2001) and black bears (Yamamoto et al.”
Genetic census reveals increased but uneven growth of a critically endangered mountain gorilla population (2013, methodology): “DNA quality of each extract was then assessed by the PCR amplification of a sex-specific region of the amelogenin locus as described (Bradley et al., 2001).”
Counting elusive animals: Comparing field and genetic census of the entire mountain gorilla population of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda (2009, methodology): “Sexing of the samples was conducted using the amelogenin assay ( Bradley et al., 2001 ).”