Downward Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere: The Relative Roles of Wave and Zonal Mean Processes*

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Vortex Preconditioning due to Planetary and Gravity Waves prior to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (2014, background): “As the central warming date is approached, the region of EPFD expands poleward and downward in a pattern that is a known hallmark of downward-propagating zonal-mean wind anomalies due to local wave–mean ﬂow interaction (Kodera et al. 2000; Plumb and Semeniuk 2003; Perlwitz and Harnik 2004).”
Atmospheric bridge, oceanic tunnel, and global climatic teleconnections (2007, background): “The annular modes also appear to be influenced by downward coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere [e.g., Baldwin and Dunkerton, 1999, 2001; Black, 2002; Perlwitz and Harnik, 2004].”
The predictability of the extratropical stratosphere on monthly time‐scales and its impact on the skill of tropospheric forecasts (2015, methodology): “(2014) through singular-value decomposition of re-analysis data (e.g. Perlwitz and Harnik, 2003, 2004) but more recently other authors have used cross-spectral correlation analysis (Shaw et al., 2010) to show the impact of the downward propagating reflected wave energy on planetary wave structure…”
Transfer of the solar signal from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Northern winter (2004, unknown): “Perlwitz and Harnik [2003, 2004] additionally discuss the reflection of waves from the stratosphere back to the troposphere.”