Metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity assessment.
By A. Schrand, M. F. Rahman, Saber M. Hussain, John J. Schlager, David A. Smith, A. Syed. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2010
703 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Nanoparticles (NPs) can potentially cause adverse effects on organ, tissue, cellular, subcellular, and protein levels due to their unusual physicochemical properties (e.g., small size, high surface area to volume ratio, chemical composition, crystallinity, electronic properties, surface structure reactivity and functional groups, inorganic or organic coatings, solubility, shape, and aggregation behavior). Metal NPs, in particular, have received increasing interest due to their widespread medical, consumer, industrial, and military applications. However, as particle size decreases, some metal-based NPs are showing increased toxicity, even if the same material is relatively inert in its bulk form (e.g., Ag, Au, and Cu). NPs also interact with proteins and enzymes within mammalian cells and they can interfere with the antioxidant defense mechanism leading to reactive oxygen species generation, the initiation of an inflammatory response and perturbation and destruction of the mitochondria causing apoptosis or necrosis. As a result, there are many challenges to overcome before we can determine if the benefits outweigh the risks associated with NPs.
Subfields: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Materials Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c805ef75a381553a6824f2536d343a3c57da669f
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Citations in the corpus
- Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles Are Present in Electronic Cigarette Cartomizer Fluid and Aerosol (2013, background): “Metal particles/nanoparticles can produce adverse effects in vitro and in vivo [28,29], and nanoparticles can be transported in vivo to other organs, including the liver, kidney, heart, and brain [30,31].”
- Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents (2011, background): “A more detailed coverage of the topic is available in recently published reviews [100,101,102,103].”