Interface-limited injection in amorphous organic semiconductors

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Efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells using small-molecular-weight organic thin films (2003, background): “The drop in V OC is attributed to an increased resistance arising from a reduction in disorde”
Simultaneous determination of carrier lifetime and electron density-of-states in P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells under illumination by impedance spectroscopy (2010, methodology): “The probability of charge-transfer events at the organic/organic interface, nrec, is a notoriously difficult subject [49] and we adopt a relatively simple and general approach based on the assumption of the Marcus model (or polaron hopping), involving a reorganization energy l [50,51]”
Charge transport modeling in insulating polymers: from molecular to macroscopic scale (2005, neutral): “Apart from these earlier theories, there are on one hand several alternative descriptions of charge injection through thermally assisted tunneling from the metal to localized states [65], tunneling into polaron levels in polymers [66], injection limited by interfacial dipoles-induced hopping states ”
Unravelling the role of the interface for spin injection into organic semiconductors (2010, background): “Recalling that most of the OSCs such as Alq 3 are closer to small molecules than conventional semiconductors, the first molecular layer is thought to have a key role for charge injection into such OSCs (refs&nbs”