Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty

By N. Shubin, C. Tabin, Sean B. Carroll. Nature, 2009

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The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions (2015, background): “Bias is manifest, for example, in the nonrandom numbers of limbs, digits, segments and vertebrae across a variety of taxa [25,26,29,30], correlated responses to artificial selection resulting from shared developmental regulation [31], and in the repeated, differential re-use of developmental modules”
Flower Structure and Trends of Evolution in Eudicots and Their Major Subclades1 (2010, background): “Flowers are basically pentamerous, diplostemonous or (rarely) haplostemonous, with five or three carpels (Nair & Nathawat, 1958; Narayana & Rao, 1963); however, in Krameriaceae, stamen number is reduced to two and the gynoecium is pseudomonomerous (Leinfellner, 1971; Simpson, 1982).”
Investigating evolutionary radiations (2010, background): “Shubin and colleagues (Shubin et al. 2009) have termed these deep homologies, being based on aspects of genomic control that date back to the origin of metazoans.”
Contingency and determinism in evolution: Replaying life’s tape (2018, background): “Indeed, the evolution of developmental systems can introduce the various constraints and biases that preclude or predispose subsequent evolutionary outcomes, making development an important factor in evolutionary contingency ( 36 , 37 ).”