Effect of tool rotational speed and probe length on lap joint quality of a friction stir welded magnesium alloy

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Friction Stir Welding and Processing: Science and Engineering (2014, unknown): “Fratini, Design of the friction stir welding tool using the continuum based FEM model. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 419, 381–388 (2006b) C.I. Chang, C.J. Lee, J.C. Huang, Relationship between grain size and Zener-Holloman parameter during friction stir processing in AZ31 Mg alloys. Scripta Mater. 51, 509–514 ”
Recent research progress in solid state friction-stir welding of aluminium–magnesium alloys: a critical review (2020, background): “This defect might not appear in the heat affected zone (HAZ), since this region is only affected from the heat of TMAZ region [213,226,232].”
Influence of tool geometry and rotational speed on mechanical properties and defect formation in friction stir lap welded 5456 aluminum alloy sheets (2014, result): “8 The hook defect, which exists between overlapped sheets, is a weak metallurgical bond and can act as a crack as it has already proposed by other authors [16-18].”