Need, Merit, or Self-Interest: What Determines the Allocation of Aid?

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Who Benefits from Aid for Trade? Comparing the Effects on Recipient versus Donor Exports (2014, background): “This neglect is all the more surprising as donors are widely suspected to use aid as a means to foster their own commercial interest (e.g., Berthélemy 2006; Hoeffler and Outram 2011).”
Allocation of aid for adaptation to climate change: Do vulnerable countries receive more support? (2017, background): “…also use their aid to reward recipient merit—typically understood as good governance and democratic institutions—as well as to promote their own political, economic, and security interests (e.g. Alesina and Dollar 2000; Berthélemy 2006; Clist 2011; Hicks et al. 2008; Hoeffler and Outram 2011).”
Beyond Aid: A Conceptual Perspective on the Transformation of Development Cooperation (2015, neutral): “… recipient needs and altruistic motives of donors (Claessens et al., 2007; Headey, 2008), rewarding recipients’ performance on specific indicators (Burnside & Dollar, 2000; Hoeffler & Outram, 2011) and what Lumsdaine (1993) has called a…”