Unhappiness and Unemployment

By Andrew E. Clark, Andrew J. Oswald. 1994

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Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence (2015, background): “What societal structures and other factors determine whether such populations flourish? Unemployment is not the same as leisure, and there are deep links between unemployment and unhappiness, self-doubt, and isolation (Hetschko, Knabe, and Schöb 2014; Clark and Oswald 1994); understanding what polic”
Happiness, Economy and Institutions (2000, background): “…and 12 countries of the European Union that (1) money buys happiness, but that the effect is small, and sometimes statistically insignificant; (2) unemployment makes people very unhappy, over and above the concomitant income loss (as in Clark and Oswald, 1994; Winkelmann and Winkelmann, 1998).”
Deliver us from evil: religion as insurance (2007, background): “The other coefficients show that low-income groups and the unemployed report significantly lower levels of life satisfaction, ceteris paribus, as expected (Clark and Oswald, 1994).”
Scarring: The Psychological Impact of Past Unemployment (2001, background): “Clark and Oswald (1994) and Clark (1998) both show that the psychological impact of unemployment is lower in high unemployment regions.”
Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle? (2008, unknown): “Early British evidence for an equivalent U-shape, using instead GHQ scores, appears in Clark and Oswald (1994).”
A Note on Unhappiness and Unemployment Duration (2006, unknown): “To this extent, the initial numbers presented in Clark and Oswald (1994), showing that the GHQ effect of unemployment diminished with unemployment duration, are open to a number of competing interpretations.”
Life Satisfaction and Air Quality in Europe (2012, background): “In this specification, the regional unemployment rate has a negative and significant impact on well-being (as in Clark and Oswald, 1994 and Luechinger et al., 2010).”
Unemployment Alters the Set Point for Life Satisfaction (2004, background): “unemployed individuals tend to be substantially less happy than employed individuals (Argyle, 2001; Clark and Oswald, 1994).”
Life Satisfaction and Income Inequality (2011, unknown): “As in Table 1, in 17See among others: Wilson, (1967), Veenhoven (1996), Diener et al. (1997), Clark and Oswald (1994), Blanchflower and Oswald (1997), Winkelmann and Winkelmann 1998, Alesina et al. (2004).”
Relative Concerns of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China (2012, methodology): “GHQ-12 is one of the widely used SWB measures in economics and psychology (e.g., Clark and Oswald, 1994, 2002).”
Destruction and Distress: Using a Quasi-Experiment to Show the Effects of the September 11 Attacks on Mental Well-Being in the United Kingdom (2011, methodology): “This approach has already been used to determine the impact of income (Stevenson and Wolfers, 2008), unemployment (Clark and Oswald, 1994) and public policies (Gruber and Mullainathan, 2005) on SWB.”
An Index of Economic Well-being for Selected OECD Countries (2002, background): “The psychological costs to unemployment imply that jobless time may have strong disutility (Clark and Oswald, 1994).”