Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation: quantum generation of coherent surface plasmons in nanosystems.

By D. Bergman, M. Stockman. Physical Review Letters, 2003

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Nonlinear waves in PT -symmetric systems (2016, background): “On the other hand, they can be combined with gain mechanisms achieved by plasmon amplification using stimulated emission of radiation (Bergman and Stockman, 2003) or with dielectric active media.”
Light scattering and surface plasmons on small spherical particles (2014, background): “is the transitional dipole element between ground state and excited state, the threshold gain for spasing can be obtained and expressed as44 Re[ ( )] Im[ ( )] th p1 Re[ ( )] m s g c s . (10) Here 12 is the rate constant for describing the polarization relaxation, n c is the density of the chr”
Room temperature sub-diffraction-limited plasmon laser by total internal reflection (2012, background): “Plasmon lasers are a new class of coherent optical amplifiers that generate and sustain light well below its diffraction limit [1-4].”
Quantum plasmonics (2013, neutral): “J̇ (t) = −2 C1 ( εbQ̈(t) + ω 2 pQ (t) ) = −2 C1 ( εbJ̇ (t) + ω 2 pQ (t) ) , (9)”
Plasmonic Nanolaser Using Epitaxially Grown Silver Film (2012, background): “Introduction A new class of lasers based on surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPASER) has recently been proposed [1,2] and experimentally demonstrated [3-6].”