Large blackouts in North America: Historical trends and policy implications

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Power Systems Resilience Assessment: Hardening and Smart Operational Enhancement Strategies (2017, background): “A disruption in the continuous electricity supply will thus have catastrophic consequences, as experienced during numerous blackouts in the last decades [2, 3].”
Modeling and Evaluating the Resilience of Critical Electrical Power Infrastructure to Extreme Weather Events (2017, background): “For instance, in the USA, the total annual economic impact from weather-related loss-of-supply events due to damage on the transmission and distribution networks ranges from $20 to $55 billion dollars [9]–[11].”
North American Blackout Time Series Statistics and Implications for Blackout Risk (2016, methodology): “[9] apply Clauset's method to 22 years of North American blackout size data normalized to year 2000 according to population size ratio and obtain for power shed MW and , and for number of customers disconnected and .”
The effect of weather on grid systems and the reliability of electricity supply (2013, methodology): “Musilek et al. (2009) have developed a method for forecasting the rate of accretion of ice on overhead lines.”
Energy system resilience – A review (2021, background): “The natural layer of environment presents major threats to energy systems in form of extreme weather, space weather, and geological seismicity events [5,16,82].”