Numerical simulation of temperature field and residual stress in multi-pass welds in stainless steel pipe and comparison with experimental measurements

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Finite element modeling of multi-pass welding and shaped metal deposition processes (2010, methodology): “The welding data, the process parameters, as well as the material characterization have been obtained from the experimental setting described in [25].”
Numerical modelling and experimental validation in Selective Laser Melting (2017, methodology): “Many researchers have already used the Finite-Element (FE) method to analyse metal deposition processes in AM with different technologies [1, 2, 11, 22, 28, 29, 36, 45], often taking advantage from the knowledge acquired in modelling other metal forming processes, such as casting or welding [3, 5, 1”
Using finite element and ultrasonic method to evaluate welding longitudinal residual stress through the thickness in austenitic stainless steel plates (2013, background): “Linear elements are preferred than higher-order elements in nonlinear problems of this type [16].”
Influence of welding sequence on welding distortions in pipes (2008, background): “Linear elements are preferred than higher-order elements in non-linear problems of this type [21].”
An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing (2017, methodology): “Temperature-dependent plasticity with the von Mises yield criterion [5] is utilized to model the flow stress and plastic strain.”