Responses of midlatitude blocks and wave amplitude to changes in the meridional temperature gradient in an idealized dry GCM

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Tipping elements and climate–economic shocks: Pathways toward integrated assessment (2016, background): “However, some studies argue that the chance of mid-latitude cold extremes should decrease in response to future sea ice loss [Hassanzadeh et al., 2014; Screen et al., 2014].”
The physics of climate variability and climate change (2019, background): “standard quasi-geostrophic ow theory,1 and lower jet speeds A favor blocking. But considerable evidence against this apparently straightforward argument has accumulated, too (Barnes and Screen, 2015; Hassanzadeh et al., 2014, and references therein). The existence of a nontrivial relation between in”
Persistent Extratropical Regimes and Climate Extremes (2015, result): “[50] have led the field in this area with simple dynamical model experiments showing a reduction in wave amplitude as the meridional temperature gradient weakens, in contrast to the Francis and Vavrus hypothesis.”