Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies

By A. Bernardes, D. Espinosa, J. Tenório. 2004

596 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c4b5cd4f0819422ab29dfdd24389b8a79ba59c42

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In Automotive Engineering

In Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

In Mechanical Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Processes and technologies for the recycling and recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries (2016, unknown): “Their function is to treat the outer cases and shells and to concentrate the metallic fraction, which will lead to a hydro-metallurgical or a pyrometallurgical recycling process [22,39].”
A comparative overview of large-scale battery systems for electricity storage (2013, background): “In particular, the power and energy related costs, as well as the environmental issues of each energy storage system [36,75–83] are tabulated in Table 6.”
Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: A comprehensive review (2014, background): “Defunct Li-ion batteries are classified as hazardous due to their lead (Pb) (6.29 mg/kg), cobalt (163,544 mg/kg), copper (98,694 mg/kg) and nickel (9525 mg/kg) contents with exceeded limits of chromium, lead, arsenic and thallium (Bernardes et al., 2004; Kang et al., 2013).”
A critical review on secondary lead recycling technology and its prospect (2016, background): “Mining sector producing raw materials for the pyrometallurgical process is itself responsible for considerable heavy metals release into the atmosphere [25].”
A review of recovery of metals from industrial waste (2012, background): “There are two important reasons for this, the presence of cadmium that promotes some difficulties in the recovering of mercury and zinc by distillation, and the metallurgical difficulties associated with the separation of nickel and iron [44].”