The effectiveness of classical biological control of invasive plants

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Biological control of weeds: an analysis of introductions, rates of establishment and estimates of success, worldwide (2018, background): “(Verbenaceae) was targeted for CBC in Hawaii, the discipline has yielded some impressive outcomes in a variety of environments (Bangsund et al. 1999; Clewley et al. 2012; Culliney 2005; de Lange and van Wilgen 2010; Goeden 1988; Room et al. 1981; Suckling 2013; van Driesche et al. 2010).”
Uses and misuses of meta‐analysis in plant ecology (2014, background): “Journal of Ecology © 2014 British Ecological Society, Journal of Ecology, 102, 828–844 a recent meta-analysis by Clewley et al. (2012) evaluated the effectiveness of classical biological control of invasive alien plant species.”
Controlling invasive plant species in ecological restoration: A global review (2020, background): “However, studies show that biological control can have variable effectiveness (see Hulme, 2006 for an example of low and Clewley et al., 2012 for an example of high effectiveness), and should be subjected to rigorous cost–benefit analysis, weighting the benefits, costs and ecological outcomes…”