Reversible epitaxial electrodeposition of metals in battery anodes
By Jing Zheng, Qing Zhao, T. Tang, Jiefu Yin, Calvin D. Quilty, Genesis D. Renderos, Xiaotun Liu, Yue Deng, Lei Wang, D. Bock and 6 more. Science, 2019
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Controlling electrode growth Batteries with metal anodes can grow dendrites during cycling, which can cause short circuits in a battery or subsequently reduce the charge capacity. Zheng et al. developed a process to electrodeposit zinc on a graphene-coated stainless-steel electrode, such that the zinc forms plates with preferential orientation parallel to the electrode. This is achieved by depositing a graphene layer on stainless steel designed to epitaxially match the basal (002) plane of metallic zinc, minimizing lattice strain. During cycling, the zinc will redeposit in plate form rather than as a dendrite such that the batteries show excellent reversibility over thousands of cycles. Science, this issue p. 645 Electrochemical epitaxial growth, rather than dendritic growth, improves the cycle performance of Zn-based batteries. The propensity of metals to form irregular and nonplanar electrodeposits at liquid-solid interfaces has emerged as a fundamental barrier to high-energy, rechargeable batteries that use metal anodes. We report an epitaxial mechanism to regulate nucleation, growth, and reversibility of metal anodes. The crystallographic, surface texturing, and electrochemical criteria for reversible epitaxial electrodeposition of metals are defined and their effectiveness demonstrated by using zinc (Zn), a safe, low-cost, and energy-dense battery anode material. Graphene, with a low lattice mismatch for Zn, is shown to be effective in driving deposition of Zn with a locked crystallographic orientation relation. The resultant epitaxial Zn anodes achieve exceptional reversibility over thousands of cycles at moderate and high rates. Reversible electrochemical epitaxy of metals provides a general pathway toward energy-dense batteries with high reversibility.
Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c49582b909bf80cf5e046dbaf679bb7b4211b5d4
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