Song as an aggressive signal in songbirds

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Low-amplitude song predicts attack in a North American wood warbler (2010, background): “In conclusion, soft song remains the only acoustic signal in passerine birds that can reliably predict attack (Searcy et al. 2006; Ballentine et al. 2008; this study; reviewed in Searcy & Beecher 2009).”
The signal value of birdsong: empirical evidence suggests song overlapping is a signal (2010, methodology): “One central argument made by Searcy & Beecher (2009) is that song overlapping does not appear to occur more often than expected by chance during naturally occurring song contests or in responses to playback, and therefore overlapping may not be a signal at all.”