Properties of the mean momentum balance in turbulent boundary layer, pipe and channel flows

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A direct numerical simulation study on the mean velocity characteristics in turbulent pipe flow (2008, background): “Wei et al. (2005) analysed the mean momentum balance equation for turbulent pipe flow, among other wall-bounded flows.”
Turbulent boundary layer statistics at very high Reynolds number (2015, methodology): “Wei et al. (2005) identified the mesolayer with the region where the stress gradients are close to zero, and the viscous force balances the pressure force in pipe flow or the mean advection in the turbulent boundary layer.”
High–Reynolds Number Wall Turbulence (2011, background): “Also, new scaling arguments have been advanced by George & Castillo (1997), DeGraaff & Eaton (2000), Wei et al. (2005), Monkewitz et al. (2007), and Panton (2007), for example, which have led to much debate within the community.”
On the logarithmic region in wall turbulence (2013, background): “…of the viscous influence can exceed z+ = 1000 for the mean velocity at their highest Reynolds numbers in the Superpipe, and studies such as that of Wei et al. (2005) have considered the balance of terms in the mean momentum equation to show that viscous effects are expected to extend to z+ values…”