Dynamics and low-dimensionality of a turbulent near wake

By Xia L. Ma, G. Karamanos, G. Em Karniadakis. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2000

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High‐order discontinuous Galerkin spectral element methods for transitional and turbulent flow simulations (2014, methodology): “[53] reported a strong dependence of the integral results and the shape of the velocity deficit in the wake.”
A low-dimensional model for simulating three-dimensional cylinder flow (2002, methodology): “The method and its validation for cylinder flow for Reynolds number Re up to 5000 is described in Ma et al. (2000).”
A combined direct numerical simulation–particle image velocimetry study of the turbulent near wake (2006, methodology): “Cases A, B and C in the table are the current simulations while Case I is taken from Ma et al. (2000), the highest resolution in that paper, as the reference case.”
Efficient sensor placement for ocean measurements using low-dimensional concepts (2009, methodology): “In past work, in a series of papers (Dong et al., 2006 Ma and Karniadakis, 2002; Ma et al., 2000) have demonstrated the low-dimensionality of the turbulent wake in flow past a circular cylinder.”
Phase-resolved characterization of vortex shedding in the near wake of a square-section cylinder at incidence (2005, background): “In particular, when the flow is dominated by large-scale convective structures, as is the case in the vortex wake studied here, POD modes are found to occur in pairs that represent the orthogonal components of the harmonics of the vortex-shedding process ( Ma et al. 2000; Ben Chiekh et al. 2004).”