Phenoloxidase: a key component of the insect immune system

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Are all eggs created equal? Food availability and the fitness trade-off between reproduction and immunity (2013, background): “Phenoloxidase is an important enzyme involved in melanization, which is critical to exoskeleton stability and pathogen resistance (Andersen, Peter & Roepstorff 1996; Gonzalez-Santoyo & Cordoba-Aguilar 2012).”
Seasonal shifts in the insect gut microbiome are concurrent with changes in cold tolerance and immunity (2018, background): “…to maintain a constitutive baseline 427 of activity (e.g. phagocytic activity of haemocytes) while suppressing costly immune activity 428 [e.g. melanisation; (González-Santoyo & Córdoba-Aguilar 2012)] to account for energy 429 maintenance and trade-offs during the winter (Ferguson & Sinclair 2017).”