Supernova and neutron star limits on large extra dimensions reexamined

By S. Hannestad, G. Raffelt. 2003

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In theories with large extra dimensions, supernova ~SN! cores are powerful sources of Kaluza-Klein ~KK! gravitons. A large fraction of these massive particles are gravitationally retained by the newly born neutron star ~NS!. The subsequent slow KK decays produce potentially observable g rays and heat the NS. We here show that the back-absorption of the gravitationally trapped KK gravitons does not significantly change our previous limits. We calculate the graviton emission rate in a nuclear medium by combining the low-energy classical bremsstrahlung rate with detailed-balancing arguments. This approach reproduces the previous thermal emission rate, but it is much simpler and allows for a calculation of the absorption rate by a trivial phase-space transformation. We derive systematically the dependence of the SN and NS limits on the number of extra dimensions.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c37061bd0bf2d426188fbcdbaada0d611d8dd13e